Medicinal plants have been recognized for their therapeutic properties, with Pedalium murex L. emerging as a significant example due to its diverse bioactive compounds. This herb, prevalent in coastal regions of South India, has been traditionally used for various ailments, including urinary disorders and inflammation. Pharmacognostic studies reveal the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, and steroids, which contribute to its pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antimicrobial effects. Comparative analyses of aqueous and ethyl acetate extracts demonstrate superior extraction efficiency of phenolic and flavonoid compounds in the latter, correlating with enhanced antioxidant capacity. In vivo studies confirm the analgesic and anti-inflammatory potential of Pedalium murex, while its insecticidal properties against Spodoptera litura highlight its potential as a biopesticide. Molecular insights from RNA-Seq data elucidate the biosynthetic pathways of key compounds, paving the way for genetic enhancement and conservation efforts. Furthermore, the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles from the plant's mucilage showcases its multifunctional applications in biomedical and environmental fields. Overall, Pedalium murex represents a promising candidate for further pharmacological exploration and sustainable utilization.