The academic, psychological, social, and environmental landscape of college campuses have undergone drastic changes owing to the widespread use of mobile phones and the continuous state of data connectivity. This review synthesizes interdisciplinary research to examine the multifaceted impacts of excessive mobile screen and data use among college students. Based on the Cognitive Load Theory, Uses and Gratifications Theory, and Ecological Systems Theory; this paper reveals the toll that excessive use of mobile devices can take on academic studies by levying cognitive load, causing psychological distress due to emotional reliance and sleep disturbance, damaging social life because of digital attachment, and polluting the environment because of data-driven power consumption and e-waste. A feedback loop was identified that alternates between emotional and academic difficulties, contributing to further screen dependency. Although more awareness is being created, the available literature remains limited owing to cultural bias, the methods used, and inadequate attention paid to environmental effects. The paper concludes with an appeal for cross-cultural, long-range, and interdisciplinary studies while simultaneously referencing institutional changes that foster digital well-being, sustainable usage, and balanced campus digital cultures.