The implementation of the Goods and Services Tax (GST) in India was a landmark reform aimed at creating a unified tax structure, increasing transparency, and improving ease of doing business. For Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs), which form the backbone of India’s economy and contribute significantly to employment and exports, GST brought both opportunities and challenges. This research paper specifically examines the impact of GST on MSMEs in Bikaner district, Rajasthan. The study focuses on how GST has influenced compliance requirements, operational costs, market accessibility, and overall business sustainability for enterprises in this region. By analyzing secondary data from government reports, research studies, and authentic online sources, along with observations from existing surveys, this research highlights the transition MSMEs in Bikaner have undergone since the introduction of GST. The findings suggest that while GST has simplified indirect taxation and enhanced formalization, the complexity of digital compliance and the cost of technology adoption continue to pose significant hurdles for small-scale businesses. Furthermore, the paper emphasizes that GST has created a level playing field by reducing cascading taxes and improving supply chain efficiency, thereby allowing competitive growth for MSMEs in larger markets. At the same time, issues such as delays in tax refunds, lack of adequate training, and compliance burden remain serious concerns that directly affect profitability and sustainability. The study concludes that although GST has improved transparency and long-term prospects for MSMEs in Bikaner, targeted policy support, digital literacy, and capacity-building measures are essential to ensure that these enterprises fully benefit from the tax reform. The insights derived from this research aim to contribute to a deeper understanding of GST’s real impact on grassroots-level businesses and provide a basis for policy recommendations that strengthen MSME growth in semi-urban and rural economies like Bikaner.