The rapid expansion of big data analytics has transformed marketing strategies in India, enabling businesses to generate nuanced consumer insights and deliver personalized experiences. However, these advances raise pressing concerns about consumer privacy, particularly in a market where digital adoption has accelerated but regulatory frameworks remain nascent. This study examines the interplay between data-driven marketing practices and consumer privacy rights in the Indian context. Drawing on policy analysis, industry practices, and consumer perceptions, the paper highlights the tensions between firms’ drive for personalization and the ethical, legal, and social imperatives of safeguarding individual privacy. It critically evaluates India’s evolving regulatory landscape, including the implications of the Digital Personal Data Protection Act, while contextualizing it against global standards such as the GDPR. The findings suggest that a sustainable balance requires not only compliance-driven data governance but also organizational accountability, consumer awareness, and culturally attuned frameworks that respect privacy as a fundamental right. By articulating both the opportunities and risks of big data marketing in India, this research contributes to the ongoing discourse on reconciling business innovation with robust privacy protections in a rapidly digitizing society.