As environmental degradation accelerates globally, organizations are increasingly pressured to adopt sustainable practices across all functions—HR being no exception. Green Human Resource Management (GHRM) has emerged as a pivotal strategy integrating environmental consciousness into HR processes. This study investigates the role of GHRM in enhancing organizational sustainability within Indian enterprises. Employing a mixed methods approach, data were collected from 150 employees and 30 HR professionals across diverse sectors—manufacturing, IT, energy, and services—from urban (Delhi, Bangalore) and semiurban (Pune, Indore) centers. Findings reveal that organizations with structured GHRM practices—including green recruitment, training in sustainability, performance appraisal linked to ecoefficiency, and environmental rewards—exhibit significantly higher levels of employee engagement, innovation, and environmental compliance. Case studies of Tata Steel, Infosys, and Suzlon Energy illustrate the transformative impact of integrating green values into HR systems. However, challenges such as lack of policy clarity, resistance to change, and skill gaps persist. The study concludes that GHRM is not merely an ecological initiative but a strategic lever for sustainable competitive advantage in India’s evolving business landscape. Recommendations include institutionalizing GHRM frameworks through government industry collaboration, developing green HR certifications, and embedding sustainability into organizational culture.