Amidst escalating environmental challenges and growing resource constraints, sustainable consumption has become a pivotal focus of contemporary policy discourse. Recognizing its importance, governments globally, including in India, have introduced a spectrum of policy interventions to cultivate environmentally conscious consumer behaviour. This study offers a critical evaluation of the effectiveness of government policies in advancing sustainable consumption within the state of Madhya Pradesh, an Indian region marked by socio-economic and geographic diversity. Adopting a mixed-methods approach, the research draws upon empirical data collected through structured questionnaires, complemented by an in-depth review of relevant policy frameworks and official documents. The findings indicate a moderate level of public awareness regarding sustainability initiatives; however, they also reveal significant deficiencies in policy execution, stakeholder inclusion, and behavioural transformation. Particularly in tier-2 and tier-3 cities, limited outreach and infrastructural gaps continue to undermine policy impact. The study underscores the necessity for more adaptive, decentralized, and culturally attuned strategies that align with local contexts. In doing so, it contributes valuable insights into policy refinement aimed at fostering sustainable consumption practices in emerging economies.