The rapid pace of urbanization has positioned cities at the center of sustainable development debates. Sustainable Development Goal 11 (SDG 11), which aims to “make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable,” provides an integrated framework to evaluate and guide urban growth. Jaipur, the capital of Rajasthan and a UNESCO World Heritage City, represents the dual challenge of preserving cultural heritage while coping with rising urbanization pressures. This study evaluates Jaipur’s progress towards SDG 11 using secondary data from authentic sources such as the Census of India, NITI Aayog’s SDG India Index, Jaipur Municipal Corporation (JMC), Jaipur Metro Rail Corporation (JMRC), Rajasthan State Pollution Control Board (RSPCB), WHO, UN-Habitat, and the World Bank. The analysis covers five domains: housing and slums, transport and mobility, land use and urban planning, air quality and waste management, and access to green spaces. Findings reveal that while Jaipur has made strides in heritage preservation, smart city projects, and partial progress in affordable housing, significant challenges persist. Nearly 15% of the population lives in slums, public transport usage is declining, air quality consistently breaches WHO safe limits, and green space availability is far below international standards. Comparative benchmarks with Delhi and Ahmedabad further highlight Jaipur’s mixed progress. The paper concludes that Jaipur must prioritize integrated land use planning, expansion of public and non-motorized transport, strict air quality measures, and a dedicated urban green mission. Such reforms will not only elevate Jaipur’s sustainability credentials but also contribute to Rajasthan’s ranking in the SDG India Index and India’s long-term vision of Viksit Bharat 2047.