Munshi Premchand's Godan (1936) is considered one of the most important works of Indian literature, offering a profound portrayal of peasant life, poverty, and moral conflict during colonial times. Though traditionally read as a critique of agrarian distress and economic exploitation, this paper presents the novel through an ecocritical perspective, focusing on how ecological migration—forced by environmental factors such as drought, crop failures, and rural debt—shapes human behavior and social values. Through close analysis of key moments in Godan, this study argues that environmental pressures do not merely serve as background context but actively transform human priorities, ethics, and community bonds. Migration, in this sense, emerges not just as a geographical shift, but as a psychological and moral reorientation of human nature. By examining how Premchand intuitively anticipates modern ecocritical ideas, this paper underscores the novel’s understanding that human nature is fluid, shaped by both environmental and societal forces.