Artificial Intelligence (AI) integration in education has become one of the most influential forces shaping sustainable development across the world. Education, as conceived under the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 4 (SDG-4), focuses on inclusive and equitable quality learning for all. Nevertheless, current issues like unequal access, lack of qualified teachers, linguistic barriers, and high dropout rates continue to hinder educational advancements worldwide. Here, AI provides new solutions that can fill gaps and create sustainable educational environments globally. This paper investigates the potential of AI in ensuring sustainable education development through the examination of its applications, advantages, and disadvantages in various contexts. AI-based technologies like personalized learning platforms, adaptive tests, intelligent tutoring systems, and predictive analytics are transforming how students learn and teachers deliver knowledge. Through data-driven intelligence, AI facilitates individualized learning paths, increases accessibility for students with disabilities, and bridges geographical and language gaps. In addition, AI helps advance environmental sustainability through the reduction of physical resource dependency and encouraging digital learning platforms with minimal carbon impacts. At the international level, AI solutions exhibit differing effects between developed and developing countries. While developed countries leverage AI for advanced smart classrooms and curriculum design, developing countries utilize AI to enhance accessibility, reduce learning inequalities, and improve teacher capacity. Case studies from different regions reveal that AI can significantly contribute to reducing dropout rates, ensuring skill development, and fostering lifelong learning. Yet, their sustainability is contingent upon solving the existential issues of data privacy, the ethical utilization of AI, technological disparities, and the digital divide. The research also reveals future opportunities of AI in education such as integration with newer technologies like Blockchain, Internet of Things (IoT), and Virtual/Augmented Reality, which can further transform learning systems around the world. For achieving sustainable development, international cooperation, favorable policies, and universal access to AI infrastructure are essential. In conclusion, AI has the vast potential to revolutionize education and make it inclusive, equitable, and sustainable in the world. Despite challenges, strategic adoption and ethics can help ensure that AI becomes a driving force for long-term educational sustainability and bringing global commitments under the SDGs to fruition.