Climate change has emerged as a major environmental and public health concern, with increasing evidence linking extreme weather events to adverse psychological outcomes. Jaipur, a rapidly urbanizing semi-arid city, experiences recurring heatwaves, dust storms, and irregular rainfall - all of which disrupt daily life and contribute to emotional distress. This study assesses the psychological impacts of these climatic stressors through a mixed-method design integrating survey data (N = 156), India Meteorological Department (IMD) climate records (1985–2023), and secondary mental-health datasets. Findings indicate high levels of fatigue, stress, irritability, sleep disturbances, anxiety, and reduced motivation during extreme heat periods. Younger adults (18–25) and older respondents (60+) exhibited the strongest psychological responses. Women reported more emotional symptoms than men. Hospital and Tele-MANAS data further show seasonal spikes in depression, anxiety, and stress-related cases during peak summer months. These results highlight how climatic variability intersects with socio-economic and demographic vulnerabilities to shape mental-health risks. The study stresses the need for climate-informed mental-health policies, improved awareness, and localized interventions for vulnerable populations in Jaipur.