Satellite communication has become a fundamental component of global information exchange. Advances in high-capacity geostationary satellites (HTS systems), clusters of low-orbitingsatellites (LEOconstellations), adaptive coding, digital beamforming, and AI-driven network management have created new possibilities for high-speed, low-latency communication systems. Misra et al. (2013) and Fourati and Alouini (2021) highlight how innovations in satellite architecture and modulation have significantly improved bandwidth efficiency. Meanwhile, integration with 5G and future 6G technology is reshaping global communication infrastructure, though challenges such as cybersecurity, regulation, and space debris remain serious concerns (Tarek et al., 2024; Abdelsalam et al., 2023). India’s experience demonstrates how satellite communication supports rural development, education, telemedicine, and national security (Manjunath et al., 2007; Annadurai, 2018). This report synthesizes findings from existing literature—including contributions by Ibim (2025), Saeed et al. (2021), Makam (2023), and Hashima et al. (2025)—to provide a comprehensive overview of current advancements, persistent challenges, and future prospects in satellite communication.