The traditional plant-based healthcare system of the Kapasan Sub-division, Chittorgarh District, Rajasthan, is a critical, yet fragile, repository of indigenous knowledge held by the Bhil and Meena tribes. This study employed systematic fieldwork and quantitative ethnobotanical indices (Informant Consensus Factor and Fidelity Level) to document local flora, preparation methods, and therapeutic applications. We identified a rich inventory of species, demonstrating high consensus among healers for treating prevalent ailments such as dermatological and gastrointestinal disorders. Furthermore, high therapeutic fidelity levels underscore the reliability of key remedies, including Terminalia Arjuna for cardiovascular health and Withania Somnifera as a validated adaptogen. The research confirms the scientific merit of this empirical knowledge. However, escalating threats from habitat loss and the unsustainable harvest of destructively used plant parts (roots and bark) endanger this resource. We urgently recommend integrated ‘in situ’ and ‘ex situ’ conservation programs, alongside policy frameworks, to safeguard both the region's unique medicinal biodiversity and its invaluable cultural heritage.