This study documents the ethnobotanical knowledge and medicinal applications of plant species traditionally used by the rural and tribal communities of Sapotra Tehsil, Karauli District, Rajasthan. Through field surveys, interviews with local healers (Vaidyas), and semi-structured questionnaires, a total of 50 medicinal plant species belonging to 29 families were identified. The study highlights the significant role of plants in treating a variety of health conditions, including respiratory, gastrointestinal, dermatological, and musculoskeletal disorders. The findings demonstrate the strong dependency of local communities on plant-based remedies, with leaves (38%), roots (24%), and fruits (18%) being the most commonly used plant parts. The most common preparation methods include decoctions, juices, pastes, and powders. This ethnobotanical knowledge is vital for the conservation of plant species and the sustainable use of natural resources. Furthermore, documenting these practices offers valuable insights for future pharmacological research and the potential development of herbal medicines. The preservation of this traditional knowledge is essential, as it faces significant threats from modernization and the erosion of intergenerational transmission. This study emphasizes the importance of safeguarding both the plants and the cultural heritage associated with their use.