Agriculture is the backbone of Indian economy. Its fertile plains and perennial rivers make India largely an agrarian nation. Nearly 70% of the population depends on agriculture as its main source of livelihood, and about 75% of the country's cropland is dedicated to food crop production. Staples that form the core of the human diet are cultivated in large part in India. West Bengal, one of the states in India which has played a prominent role in shaping the civil society of the country, is marked with a great deal of agricultural heterogeneity. Distinct regions of India have adopted different practices of farming since the oldest times, dependent upon regional demographic, geographic and climatic variables. Indigenous farming systems foster sustainability of the local biodiversity and ecosystems. West Bengal being rich in agricultural resources, the people of the state have come up with many original farming processes. These processes, however, are affected by a number of factors and agricultural practices in the area have evolved in the last decades. The present study aims to look at the factors determining sustainability for indigenous farming systems. A structured questionnaire is used for collecting primary data, and 100 valid responses collected from the farmers across the subdivisions of South 24 Parganas district of West Bengal have been used for the analysis. Reliability testing is used along with the use of factor analysis that helped to identify the key factors influencing sustainability of indigenous farming practices in the selected study area. Declining demand, storage problems, inaccessibility, credit facility and low technology penetration are the main hindrances to maintaining indigenous farming in South 24 Parganas district, West Bengal. Accordingly, policy makers should come up with effective measures to support the small and marginal farmers and hence help conserve indigenous agriculture in this district.