This research examines the evolving paradigm of global energy security within the critical framework of the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Historically, energy security discourse was confined to the "Four As"—Availability, Accessibility, Affordability, and Acceptability. However, the technological and geopolitical landscape of 2026 necessitates the formal recognition of a fifth dimension: Digital Resilience. Utilizing a rigorous mixed-methods approach, this paper analyzes the structural transition from centralized fossil-fuel systems to decentralized, AI-integrated renewable grids. Central to this study is an in-depth evaluation of India's strategic leadership, specifically its adherence to G20 commitments and the achievement of its 2026 interim milestones. The findings suggest that true sustainability is unattainable without a simultaneous focus on "24/7 Carbon-Free Energy" (CFE), mineral supply chain sovereignty, and the deployment of autonomous grid intelligence. This paper concludes with a policy roadmap for the Global South to navigate the "Energy Quadrilemma," arguing that the future of security lies not in resource control, but in systems intelligence.