One of the biggest environmental problems that affects farmland and crop yields is soil pollution. It happens when the soil gets too much of harmful things like heavy metals, pesticides, industrial waste, chemical fertilisers, sewage sludge, plastics, and other toxic substances. These pollutants change the soil's physical, chemical, and biological properties, which makes it less fertile and upsets the natural balance of the ecosystem. Contaminated soil makes it harder for seeds to sprout, roots to grow, plants to take in nutrients, photosynthesis, plant metabolism, and the overall growth of crops. Plants grown in polluted soils often show signs like stunted growth, chlorosis, wilting, low biomass, poor flowering, and lower yields. Toxic substances can also get into plant tissues and then into the food chain, which can be very bad for both animals and people. The current paper seeks to examine the primary causes and sources of soil contamination and to evaluate its impact on agricultural plant productivity. It also talks about different ways to stop problems from happening and fix them, such as sustainable farming, organic farming, phytoremediation, bioremediation, controlled use of agrochemicals, and proper waste disposal. The research finds that healthy soil is the basis for sustainable farming and that dealing with soil pollution properly is important for increasing crop yields, protecting the environment, and ensuring food security. Soil contamination, agricultural productivity, soil pollution, crop growth, heavy metals, pesticides, industrial effluents, soil fertility, plant health, nutrient uptake, phytoremediation, bioremediation, sustainable agriculture, pollution, and food security are all important words.