Tariffs have been among the primary means of trade policy employed by countries for the purpose of regulating importation into their territory, shielding local businesses, and earning income from the transaction. With globalization in the modern economy, the use of tariffs has undergone a major evolution, in the sense that they are now used as strategies in various spheres of international economics and politics. The current study will attempt to investigate the use of tariffs in India under the new conditions of international trade. However, the emphasis will be laid on the influence of the tariff barriers on the national industry, trade equilibrium, and development, in connection with such recent policy measures as “Make in India” and “Atmanirbhar Bharat.” The study uses secondary data from government reports, WTO publications, and economic research papers. As a result, it can be concluded that although tariff barriers represent an effective instrument for safeguarding the newly-born industry and bringing back equilibrium in foreign trade, at the same time, in case of overuse, they may become a serious obstacle in terms of efficiency and conflicts.