The relationship between yoga and women’s spiritual identity has gained scholarly attention in recent decades as gender studies broaden to include non-material aspects of human experience. Yoga, traditionally rooted in Indian philosophy, has undergone significant reinterpretation in its global practice. Women have been central to this transformation, both as practitioners and as leaders shaping modern yoga discourse. This paper explores yoga from a gender studies lens, examining its influence on women’s spirituality, self-actualization, and empowerment, while also considering historical barriers, cultural norms, and contemporary realities. The discussion positions yoga as not only a wellness practice but also a site of negotiation for women’s agency and identity within spirituality. Yoga, rooted in India’s spiritual traditions, has evolved as a global wellness movement. This paper examines yoga as a transformative tool for women, focusing on its role in enhancing physical and mental health, empowering women, and contributing to spiritual growth. Based on survey data from 307 respondents, the study highlights women’s dominant participation (73.3%) in yoga-based tourism, emphasizing their interest in holistic wellness, stress management, and self-actualization. Findings also reveal that international visitors form a slight majority (54.1%), positioning India as a global hub for authentic yoga experiences. The results underline a paradigm shift in yoga and wellness emerging as a preferred lifestyle choice over conventional approach.
- Alter, J. S. (2004). Yoga in modern India: The body between science and philosophy. Princeton University Press. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781400833412
- Cagas, J. Y., Biddle, S. J. H., & Vergeer, I. (2022). For exercise, relaxation, or spirituality: Exploring participation motives and conformity to masculine norms among male and female yoga participants. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(2), 770. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19020770
- De Michelis, E. (2005). A history of modern yoga: Patanjali and Western esotericism. Continuum.
- Jain, A. (2020). Peace love yoga: The politics of global spirituality. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190086719.001.0001
- Khalsa, S. B. S., & Cope, S. (2006). Effects of a yoga lifestyle intervention on performance-related characteristics of musicians: A preliminary study. Medical Science Monitor, 12(8), CR325–CR331. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16865079/
- Maslow, A. H. (1954). Motivation and personality. Harper & Row.
- Plancke, C. (2018). Womb yoga and feminist spirituality: Reclaiming the female body. In R. M. King (Ed.), Religion and gender: Embodiment, practice, and theory (pp. 113–130). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315091375
- Singleton, M. (2010). Yoga body: The origins of modern posture practice. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195395342.001.0001
- Strings, S., Headen, I., & Spencer, B. (2019). Yoga as a technology of femininity: Disciplining white women, disappearing people of color in Yoga Journal. Fat Studies, 8(3), 334–348. https://doi.org/10.1080/21604851.2019.1583527
- Triantafyllidou, E., Cowles, M., & Harvey-Rolfe, L. (2025). Can trauma-informed yoga center intersectional feminist praxis? The case of a UK community yoga organization. Violence Against Women, 31(1), 102–124. https://doi.org/10.1177/10778012241275690.