ISO 9001:2015

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GLOBAL RESEARCH INNOVATIONS & TECHNOLOGY (IJGRIT) [ Vol. 4 | No. 2(II) | April - June, 2026 ]

Factors Influencing the Adoption and Continuity of Digital Payments in Tier-II Cities: A Structural Trust, Usage-Depth and Resilience Perspective

Dr. Pooja Sharma, Miss Harshvi Acharya & Mr. Kavya Jain

Despite rapid growth in digital payment transactions in urban India, their adoption in Tier-II cities is far from complete. This study looks into how structural trust, infrastructure friction, digital literacy, and behavioral resilience affect the level of depth of digital payment usage and the continuity of digital payment behavior of consumers in a Tier-II city, as well as the role of usage depth in mediating these effects. The primary data were gathered via a structured questionnaire survey of 244 valid respondents using reliability analysis, exploratory factor analysis, Pearson correlation, multiple regression, and bootstrapped mediation analysis. The findings show that structural trust, digital literacy, and behavioral resilience are significant positive predictors of usage depth, but infrastructure friction exhibits a positive but insignificant relationship. Structural trust and behavioral resilience turn out to be the two most important direct determinants of payment continuity, while usage depth fails to significantly mediate these relationships. Results show that in Tier-II regions, it is the confidence and resiliency of digital payment behavior rather than its usage across different transactions that leads to its continuity. Implications of the study from theoretical and managerial perspectives for banks, financial technology companies, and policy makers who aim to expand digital payment adoption beyond metropolitan areas are also elaborated on.

  1. Asha, S., & Shilpa, C. S. (2022). Customer satisfaction level on digital banking. [Working paper / conference proceedings, as summarized in the reviewed literature base].
  2. Balakrishnan, V., & Gan, C. L. (2023). Predictors of mobile payment readiness and adoption among Malaysians. [Journal article, as summarized in the reviewed literature base].
  3. Beena, G. V., & Parvathi, S. (2025). Digital payment adoption and its influence on online shopping. [Journal article, as summarized in the reviewed literature base].
  4. Bordoloi, M. (2025). Proactive and reactive support systems and challenges in digitalisation of banking services. [Journal article, as summarized in the reviewed literature base].
  5. Chakraborty, A., Kumar, N., Chawla, M., Kaur, G., & Pawar, B. R. (2024). Understanding the drivers of continued use of online food delivery platforms among Indian consumers. [Journal article, as summarized in the reviewed literature base].
  6. Copestake, A., Kirti, D., & Martinez Peria, M. S. (2025). Growing retail digital payments: The value of interoperability. [Working paper, as summarized in the reviewed literature base].
  7. Cornelli, G., Frost, J., Gambacorta, L., Sinha, S., & Townsend, R. M. (2025). The organisation of digital payments in India: Lessons from the Unified Payments Interface (UPI). [Working paper, as summarized in the reviewed literature base].
  8. Devmurari, C. (2025). Impact of digital payments on spending behaviour among Indian youth: A secondary data analysis. [Working paper, as summarized in the reviewed literature base].
  9. Gupta, N., Kaur, A., & Shetty, S. (2022). A study on the growing innovation and changing consumer behavior towards digital payment services in metro cities. [Journal article, as summarized in the reviewed literature base].
  10. Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2010). Multivariate data analysis (7th ed.). Pearson Prentice Hall.
  11. Jiwankar, T. S., & Kapgate, D. (2025). Customer purchase behavior for an online retailer in Nass Technology, Nagpur. [Working paper, as summarized in the reviewed literature base].
  12. Kaur, S., & Kaur, P. (2025). Emerging trends in e-commerce. [Journal article, as summarized in the reviewed literature base].
  13. Lakshmi, S., & Nandini, R. G. (2022). A study on usage of digital payment interface with special reference to working women in Bangalore City. [Journal article, as summarized in the reviewed literature base].
  14. Maheswari, U. (2025). Adoption of digital payments in informal sectors: Post-demonetization impact. [Working paper, as summarized in the reviewed literature base].
  15. Mathew, S. M., Shanimon, S., Joseph, S., & Abraham, M. (2025). Exploring the exponential growth of UPI in India: A study on digital payment transformation. [Journal article, as summarized in the reviewed literature base].
  16. Mishra, A. K., & Kumar, A. (2025). Understanding India’s currency demand absurdity: Cash vs. digital payment methods. [Working paper, as summarized in the reviewed literature base].
  17. Mula, K. (2025). Financial inclusion through digital payments: How technology is bridging the gap. [Working paper, as summarized in the reviewed literature base].
  18. Nayyar, S., & Bhandari, N. (2025). Digital payments transformation: Adoption of e-wallets by users. [Working paper, as summarized in the reviewed literature base].
  19. Nunnally, J. C. (1978). Psychometric theory (2nd ed.). McGraw-Hill.
  20. Paramasivan, C., & Surya. (2025). Transforming payment patterns: The role of UPI and IMPS in monthly transactions in India. [Working paper, as summarized in the reviewed literature base].
  21. Prasad, H., & Chaudhery, J. (2021). Review of literature on adoption of digital payments in pandemic (COVID-19). [Journal article, as summarized in the reviewed literature base].
  22. Rai, A. K. (2025). From cash to clicks: UPI’s role in shaping digital payments in India. [Working paper, as summarized in the reviewed literature base].
  23. Ramtiyal, B., Verma, D., & Rathore, A. P. S. (2022). Assessing the degree of perceived risk in adoption of mobile payment system by retailers in India. [Journal article, as summarized in the reviewed literature base].
  24. Raut, N. K. (2025). Digital payment system in India: Pathway to Digital India. [Working paper, as summarized in the reviewed literature base].
  25. Ravikumar, T., Girish, S., Lavanya, D., & Murugan, N. (2024). Adoption and usage of digital financial services in Karnataka, India: Spatial, gender and age disparities. [Journal article, as summarized in the reviewed literature base].
  26. Rayabharam, R. (2021). Digital India to cashless India — A step towards financial inclusion. [Journal article, as summarized in the reviewed literature base].
  27. Sarkar, S. (2023). Fintech sector of India — Trends, challenges and the way forward. [Working paper, as summarized in the reviewed literature base].
  28. Sekaran, U., & Bougie, R. (2016). Research methods for business: A skill-building approach (7th ed.). Wiley.
  29. Shah, K., & Zala, P. D. (2021). A study on awareness and perception about digital payment among people of Gujarat. [Journal article, as summarized in the reviewed literature base].
  30. Sharma, A., Bhatt, S., Kapri, S. S., & Anuj. (2023). An examination of adoption of cash on delivery payment method among e-shoppers in India: Role of perceived security, risk, privacy and trust. [Journal article, as summarized in the reviewed literature base].
  31. Singh, J. (2025). Financial inclusion through digital payments: How UPI is on the rise in India. [Working paper, as summarized in the reviewed literature base].
  32. Singh, S., Jatana, N., Sehgal, S., Anand, R., & Ramesh, J. V. N. (2025). Making digital payments accessible beyond sight: A usability study of UPI-based smartphone applications. [Journal article, as summarized in the reviewed literature base].
  33. Trivedi, H. (2025). Evolution of digital payment system in India: Past, present and future. [Working paper, as summarized in the reviewed literature base].
  34. Uma, R., & Jagannarayan, N. (2025). Digital payments in India: Trends, infrastructure, and consumer dynamics. [Working paper, as summarized in the reviewed literature base].
  35. Vishwakarma, K., Mishra, A., Shailendra, D., & Lal, A. (2025). Adoption and challenges of digital payment systems: A study of consumer perception in urban and rural India. [Bibliometric study, as summarized in the reviewed literature base].
  36. Yadav, P., Jain, A., Pathak, N., & Sharma, N. (2025). Investigating the behavior of consumers using digital payment: Comparative study between rural and urban areas. [Journal article, as summarized in the reviewed literature base].
  37. Yadav, P. D., Madhukar, V., Dhamija, A., & Manrai, R. (2025). Understanding behavioral intentions of UG and PG students in Tier II Indian cities toward AI-technology adoption in higher education. [Journal article, as summarized in the reviewed literature base].
  38. Yadav, V., & Das, A. (2025). Digital payments in India — How demonetization and COVID-19 shaped adoption? [Working paper, as summarized in the reviewed literature base].
  39. Zehra, F., Khan, F. S., Mazhar, S. S., Akhlaque, N., Haque, E., & Singh, A. (2024). Consumer preferences and behavior toward digital payment gateways in India. [Journal article, as summarized in the reviewed literature base].

DOI:

Article DOI:

DOI URL:


Download Full Paper:

Download