Nurses are the largest professional group in the healthcare sector and are instrumental in the provision of patient care, but their work environment and career development are consistently under-reported, especially in remote areas like Barak Valley in the southern part of Assam. This chapter analyzes the conditions of service and opportunities for career advancement of nurses working in the hospitals of Barak Valley from the perspective of human resource management. The discussion includes recruitment, pay, training, employee welfare, grievance redress and channels for promotion. The chapter draws on secondary data from official government workforce publications, the Indian Nursing Council, WHO country reports and an analysis of empirical literature (2016-2025) on nurses’ working conditions across India. Assam, and by extension Barak Valley, is set in a national context of high regional inequality: with a nurse-population ratio of 0.97 per 1,000 persons, Assam is far behind its neighboring Northeastern states such as Arunachal Pradesh (6.81) and Manipur (5.49), and below the national average of 2.45.This secondary data analysis clearly shows a disturbing regional gap in Assam and also systemic wage differences between permanent and contractual nursing staff as documented in the general literature. This chapter highlights the need for region-specific research on the human resource conditions of nurses in Barak Valley. It proposes three objectives to guide future empirical research. The results indicate that fundamental human resource reforms, particularly in the areas of staffing standards, salary equity and clarity on promotion, are crucial to improving the working conditions of nurses and the quality of patient care in this neglected area.