Agricultural trade plays a vital role in strengthening economic growth, ensuring food security and enhancing a country’s position in the global market. In recent years, India has undertaken significant agricultural trade reforms under the vision of Self-Reliant India with the objective of improving export competitiveness, reducing import dependency and integrating domestic agriculture with global value chains. This paper examines agricultural trade reforms in India from an international trade perspective. The study relies entirely on secondary data collected from government publications, trade policy documents, reports of international organizations and published research studies. The analysis focuses on key reform measures such as export promotion initiatives, tariff rationalization, market access policies, infrastructure development and alignment with World Trade Organization (WTO) frameworks. The paper also reviews trends in agricultural exports and identifies major challenges faced by India in the global agricultural market, including price volatility, non-tariff barriers and quality compliance requirements. The study finds that agricultural trade reforms under the Atmanirbhar Bharat framework have contributed to export growth and improved market opportunities, while certain structural and policy constraints continue to limit their full potential. The paper concludes that a balanced strategy combining self-reliance with international trade integration is essential for achieving sustainable agricultural development and enhancing India’s long-term competitiveness in global agricultural trade.