The global expansion of care economies has intensified cross-border labour mobility, particularly among women migrants from developing countries. India has emerged as a significant sending country of women engaged in domestic work, nursing, elder care, and other personal care services across the Gulf region and OECD countries. This paper examines women’s participation in global care chains through the interconnected lenses of gender, labour migration, and India’s economic diplomacy. Using a review-based methodology and secondary data from international organizations such as the International Labour Organization (ILO), World Bank, UN Women, OECD, and policy documents of the Government of India, the study analyses structural patterns, governance frameworks, and gendered vulnerabilities shaping care work migration. The paper argues that despite the growing importance of care labour in global labour markets, care work migration remains marginal within formal migration governance and foreign policy discourse. While international labour standards and bilateral agreements exist, significant gaps persist between policy intent and effective implementation, particularly in informal and household-based employment sectors. By situating care work within economic diplomacy, the study highlights the need for gender-responsive migration policies, strengthened bilateral labour agreements, and greater integration of the care economy into foreign policy planning. The paper contributes to interdisciplinary debates on migration, labour governance, and gender by emphasizing care work migration as a strategic yet under-recognized dimension of global economic engagement.