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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EDUCATION, MODERN MANAGEMENT, APPLIED SCIENCE & SOCIAL SCIENCE (IJEMMASSS) [ Vol. 8 | No. 1 (III) Special Issue | January - March, 2026 ]

International Peace, National Security and Strategic Interests: An Indian Foreign Policy Perspective

Arjun Singh Bhati

International peace remains a central aspiration of the contemporary international system; however, it is increasingly challenged by great power competition, regional conflicts, terrorism, cyber threats, and the erosion of multilateral institutions. For nation-states, the pursuit of peace is inseparably linked with national security imperatives and the protection of long-term strategic interests. This paper examines the interrelationship between international peace, national security, and strategic interests with a focused analysis of India’s foreign policy approach. Using a qualitative and analytical framework, the study explores how India balances normative commitments to peace with pragmatic security considerations through diplomacy, multilateral engagement, military preparedness, and strategic partnerships. The paper situates India’s approach within the evolving global order, highlighting its emphasis on strategic autonomy, responsible global engagement, and credible deterrence. It argues that India’s foreign policy reflects a realist–pragmatic orientation, wherein peace is pursued not merely as an idealistic objective but as a condition sustained through security capacity, institutional reform, and proactive international cooperation. The study concludes by assessing India’s potential role as a stabilizing power in an increasingly uncertain global environment.

  1. Introduction: (Buzan & Hansen, 2009; Waltz ,1979; United Nations, 1945)
  2. Conceptual Framework: (Buzan, 1991; Baldwin, 1997; Booth, 2007)
  3. International Peace:(Galtung, 1969; United Nations, 1945; United Nations Peacekeeping, 2023)
  4. National Security: (Buzan, 1991; Walt, 1991; Nye, 2011)
  5. Strategic Interests:(Morgenthau, 1948; Waltz, 1979; Tellis, 2020)
  6. India's Commitment to Peace: (Ministry of External Affairs, 2025); Acharya, 2018; UN Peacekeeping, 2023)
  7. National Security Imperatives: (Ministry of Defence, 2024); National Security Strategy literature; Buzan & Hansen, 2009)
  8. Strategic Interests & Global Engagement: (Jaishankar, 2020; Pant, 2020; G20 Leaders' Declaration, 2023)
  9. Conclusion: (Acharya, 2018; Tellis, 2020; United Nations, 1945)

10.Additional References

  1. Booth, K. (2007). Theory of World Security. Cambridge University Press.
  2. Bull, H. (1977). The Anarchical Society. Macmillan.
  3. Buzan, B. (1991). People, States and Fear (2nd ed.). Lynne Rienner.
  4. Galtung, J. (1969). Violence, Peace, and Peace Research. Journal of Peace Research, 6(3), 167–191.
  5. Jaishankar, S. (2020). The India Way. HarperCollins.
  6. Keohane, R. O. (1984). After Hegemony. Princeton University Press.
  7. Mearsheimer, J. J. (2001). The Tragedy of Great Power Politics. W.W. Norton.
  8. Morgenthau, H. J. (1948). Politics Among Nations. Knopf.
  9. Nye, J. S. (2011). The Future of Power. PublicAffairs.
  10. Pant, H. V. (2020). India's National Security. Routledge.
  11. Tellis, A. J. (2020). India's Great Power Strategy. Carnegie.
  12. United Nations. (1945). Charter of the United Nations.
  13. United Nations Peacekeeping. (2024). Contributions to UN Peacekeeping Operations.
  14. Ministry of Defence, Government of India. (2024). Annual Report 2023–24.
  15. Ministry of External Affairs, Government of India. (2025). Annual Report 2024–25.
  16. Walt, S. M. (1987). The Origins of Alliances. Cornell University Press.
  17. Waltz, K. N. (1979). Theory of International Politics. Addison-Wesley.

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