ISO 9001:2015

INSPIRA-JOURNAL OF MODERN MANAGEMENT & ENTREPRENEURSHIP(JMME) [ Vol. 16 | No. 3 | July - September, 2026 ]

Fostering Women Empowerment: Empirical Evidences on Financial Inclusion and Grassroots Economic Participation in Kerala

Dr. Remyakrishnan R.

Women empowerment represents an elusive and multi-dimensional process that is integral in accomplishing the intended outcomes of sustainable development. Being a critical dimension of inclusive development strategy, it encompasses more than financial independence of women to materializing economic agency, social networking, capability enhancement and socio-cultural transformation. It is in this context that financial inclusion initiatives providing women with greater opportunities for economic participation and decision-making, are envisaged as constructive tools for achieving many sustainable development goals including gender equality, reduced inequalities, decent work and economic growth. The present study examines the nexus between grassroots economic participation, financial inclusion, and women’s empowerment. Drawing on field derived secondary data evidences from women in Kerala related with their engagement with grassroots economic participation in initiatives like Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Programme (MGNREP), Self-Help Groups (SHG) and Kudumbashree, the study examines how the participation in such initiatives strengthen women’s economic agency and social capital, contributing to their economic and socio-cultural empowerment. The findings of the study highlight the fact that effective community participation and associated financial engagement not only empower women economically but also enhances the capacity to utilize their economic agency to have better choices within and outside the domestic sphere, contributing more to the larger goals of empowerment. The study also underscores the relevance of identifying critical implementation gaps and revitalizing existing policy initiatives to ensure that institutional interventions are better aligned with specific regional needs and local contexts.

  1. Goldman, M. J., & Little, J. S. (2015). Innovative grassroots NGOS and the complex processes of women’s empowerment: An empirical investigation from Northern Tanzania. World Development, 66, 762-777.
  2. Mia, M. A., Dalla Pellegrina, L. & Wong, W-Y (2022). Female participation and financial performance of microfinance institutions: Evidence from transition economies. Development Policy Review, 40, e12602. https://doi.org/10.1111/dpr.12602
  3. Naseef M, Rafi M, Prasad S (2025), "Financial inclusion, women empowerment and the role of active banking behaviour". International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, Vol. 45 No. 5-6 pp. 606–625, doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSSP-02-2025-0104
  4. National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development [NABARD]. (2023). Status of Microfinance in India 2022-23. NABARD, Mumbai.
  5. Norris, P., & Inglehart, R. (2013). Gendering social capital. Gender and social capital, 73, 34-45.
  6. Rangarajan, C. (2008). Report of the committee on financial inclusion. Ministry of Finance, Government of India, 193.
  7. Sen, A. (1999). Commodities and capabilities. OUP Catalogue.
  8. Wesely, M., & Dublon, D. (2015). Empowering Women at the Grassroots. Stanford Social Innovation Review, 13(2), 27–33. https://doi.org/10.48558/B1X9-KF34
  9. Zeitoun, N. A. M. S. (2018). Women Economic Empowerment Study (Working Paper No. 134846). World Bank Group. Open Knowledge Repository
  10. https://nregarep1.dord.gov.in/vbgramg/homedpc.aspx
  11. https://nrega.dord.gov.in/MGNREGA_new/Nrega_home.aspx
  12. https://www.nabard.org/contentsearch.aspx?AID=225&Key=shg+bank+linkage+programme
  13. https://www.kudumbashree.org/data.

DOI:

Article DOI:

DOI URL:


Download Full Paper:

Download