Organic farming is often promoted as a more sustainable form of agriculture, but farmers’ willingness to adopt it depends on what they expect from the system and the difficulties they face in practice. The present study examines the main reasons farmers move towards organic farming and the constraints that affect its continuation and expansion in Punjab and Rajasthan. Primary data were collected through a structured questionnaire from 400 farmers, with 200 respondents selected from each state. Farmers’ motivations were analysed using frequencies and percentages, while the problems associated with adoption were examined through mean scores, ranks and independent-samples t-tests. Health emerged as the strongest motivation for adoption. Personal health was reported by 97.25 per cent of respondents and farm health by 85.00 per cent. Profit was mentioned by 37.50 per cent, whereas only 9.00 per cent identified subsidy as a motivating factor. The results also show that farmers face several practical difficulties after adoption. Lack of a government agency for guidance received the highest mean score, followed by unstable market prices, reduction in yield and the absence of specialised organic markets. Financial support, research assistance and certification were also important concerns. The state-wise comparison revealed that farmers in Rajasthan reported greater difficulty on most of the problem statements, with significant differences found in sixteen of the twenty cases. However, market-price volatility, certification difficulties, the general financial burden and higher power and diesel consumption did not differ significantly between the two states. The findings indicate that farmers’ interest in organic farming needs to be supported by regular technical guidance, dependable markets, better management of yield-related risks and simpler institutional support if adoption is to continue on a wider scale.