Jharkhand, characterized by a predominantly tribal population and a rural-based economy, has witnessed increasing policy interventions aimed at promoting women entrepreneurship. This study examines the current status of women entrepreneurs in the state, evaluates institutional support mechanisms provided by both central and state governments, and analyses the financial performance of initiatives such as the Jharkhand State Livelihood Promotion Society (JSLPS) and the Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana (PMMY). The research adopts a descriptive and analytical design based on secondary data sources, including the Jharkhand Economic Survey 2025–26, MSME reports, and State Level Bankers’ Committee (SLBC) data. Quantitative analysis has been conducted using MS Excel to assess trends in enterprise registration and financial indicators. Findings reveal that Jharkhand has made notable progress, with approximately 291,164 informal units and 310,388 registered women-owned MSMEs. The concept of enterprise graduation is evident, as a significant proportion of women entrepreneurs are transitioning to higher credit categories under the PMMY, particularly within the ‘Tarun’ segment (33.1%), indicating business expansion. Additionally, the Self-Help Group (SHG)-based financing model under JSLPS demonstrates strong credit discipline, reflected in a low non-performing asset (NPA) level of around 1.00%. Government initiatives such as the Palash Brand and the Mukhyamantri Maiya Samman Yojana have contributed to creating an enabling ecosystem for women entrepreneurs. However, persistent challenges remain, including a digital gender gap of approximately 13% and a continued concentration in low-value agricultural activities. The study recommends enhancing digital literacy, promoting sectoral diversification, and strengthening market linkages to ensure the long-term sustainability and growth of women-led enterprises in Jharkhand.